Author Archives: Katti Osorio

Sovereignty Day: Anniversary 9 th of January, 1964

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LIFE magazine, 24 th of January, 1964

Figure 1. Home iconic LIFE magazine, 24 th of January, 1964. Source: Internet.

Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Today is the anniversary of the deed No.51 of 9 th of January, 1954. Thanks to nationalist impulse and civic groups like Citizens Movement initiatives Strengthening Identity Panama(1), on the 9 January was declared “National Sovereignty Day in remembrance of the patriotic deeds January 1964”, through Law No.118 27 December 2013. He is remembered national day of mourning, with the national flag hoisted at half mast.

To learn more about the exploits of patriótical 9 th of January, 1964, You can read the entry titled Panama Heritage, “A Law for the heroic deeds of the 9 January 1964”.

It is very satisfying to note that, Unlike previous anniversaries, this year Panamanian citizens with artists The Kolectivo, They have painted the mural commemorating the feat, on the Avenue of the Martyrs (and Salón 9 January) in Panama City. This time, the National Institute of Culture and the City of Panama have actively contributed to the initiative.

You can read about the note published in La Estrella de Panama, here: Mural 9 January: walls when the history is taken.

I share some photos.

Mural in homage to the martyrs of 9 de enero de 1964. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 dth of January,2015.

Figure 2. Mural of The Kolectivo in homage to the Martyrs 9 th of January, 1964, Avenue des Martyrs, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 th of January, 2015.

The Director General of the National Institute of Culture from 2014, Ms. Mariana Núñez, participated in the activity of mural painting as a further sign of support for the initiative of the Kolectivo. In Figure 2, from the upper left down: Mariana Núñez and citizens painted the mural in tribute to the fallen 9 th of January, 1964; Mariana Núñez (Gray Tshirt) and the artist Ologwadi (straw hat); Panamanian artist Ologwadi. The two pictures on the right column of Figure 2 correspond to the gigantic mural in the process of being painted by artists and citizens who come to help. The 9 January is a day of national mourning.

Mural in homage to the martyrs of 9 de enero de 1964. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 dth of January,2015.

Figure 3. Mural of The Kolectivo in homage to the Martyrs 9 th of January, 1964, Avenue des Martyrs, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 th of January, 2015.

In Figure 3, left column from top to bottom, see artists and citizens painting; the Director General of INAC Mariana Núñez giving an interview; artists, mural in progress and goods. In the right column of Figure 3 see two beautiful images of mural, laden with symbolism painful.

Marta Noemi Noriega mural in honor of the Martyrs 9 de enero de 1964, Avenue 12 October, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 de enero deth of January,

Figure 4. Marta Noemi Noriega mural in honor of the Martyrs 9 th of January, 1964, Avenue 12 October, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Maritza Vernaza. Date: 9 th of January, 2015.

In Figure 4 we can see the mural in the process of Panamanian artist Marta Noemi Noriega, on the Avenue 12 October Panama City, accompanied by a group of young people who support it to shape your design in honor of the protagonists of the events commemorating today 9 th of January, 2015.

Solemn Tribute to the Martyrs of 9 de enero de 1964 at the National Institute, Avenue des Martyrs, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Wilhelm Franqueza. Date: 9 de enero de th of January,

Figure 5. Solemn Tribute to the Martyrs of 9 th of January, 1964 at the National Institute, Avenue des Martyrs, Panama City. Photos courtesy of Wilhelm Franqueza. Date: 9 th of January, 2015.

In the meantime, this morning at the National Institute, Generation 1964 commemorated in a ceremony to students in this school and national monument, who gave their health and their lives in the patriotic struggle January 1964. Accompanied in commemorating the Ombudsman and the National Institute of Culture. Images of Figure 5 highlights not only the assistance of these, but the beauty of the Aula Maxima of the campus.

Friends, commemorate this day of national mourning remembering the extraordinary events of January 1964 in the cities of Panama and Colon, and elsewhere in the country; not only as historical facts, but as part of our collective past that is ours and future Panamanian heritage. Remember not to hate or to reproach, but to reflect and lead the country in ways that never returned to a similar situation, and that always kept full and sovereign from sea to sea.

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte.

Further reading:

Notes:

(1) The citizens' initiative presented by the Citizens Movement for Strengthening Identity Panamanian National Assembly on 21 October 2013 through Dr.. Ana Elena Porras, member of its leadership, was the origin of the text of the Act No.118 27 December 2013, “Declaring the 9 January each year Day of National Sovereignty, subrogated Law 13 of 1967 and modifies an article of the Labour Code”. The text rests in the National Assembly and the Legislative Procedure 2013-2014, Bill 027, then Bill 669; Title: “Declaring the 9 January each year National Sovereignty Day, subrogated Law 13 of 30 th of January, 1967, and amending Article 46 Labour Code”; Date of submission (of his time as Bill): 21 October 2013; Proponent: Ms. Ana Elena Porras Guizado (ECI); Commission: Education, Culture and Sports.

342 years of moving Panama City

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

And the anniversary of the official transfer of the city of Panama approximates the 21 th of January, 1673. Our city of Panama was founded by Pedrarias Dávila the 15 of August, 1519, and its importance in the path of the riches of America as link port trade routes, was target of pirates. Henry Morgan, English pirate, formed a coalition of pirates who attacked the Isthmus of Panama and crossed from the Caribbean to the city of Panama and swept the 28 th of January, 1671. The pirates left the city laden with booty and hostages 24 February 1671 after a long invasion, torture of people, and plunder.

The lawyer Don Miguel Francisco de Marichalar, He sent the Viceroy of Peru estimated the death toll from the invasion and its aftermath disease, injuries and unsafe conditions resulting from the destruction of the capital, in 3,000 people. Marichalar came with first aid sent to Panama; sailed from Callao in March with 2500 Men and arrived in April; this to give us an idea of ​​the distance and speed of communications in the seventeenth century.

The Spanish crown ordered the rehabilitation of the city of Panama for its strategic importance, and made her move to a safer place within its own administrative jurisdiction (See Figure 1), only eight kilometers from the ravaged city (Today Historical Monuments of Panama Viejo) closer to a deepwater port site on the Perico Island (Today grounded by the Amador Causeway with Naos and Flamenco; see Figure 2). The new governor (because above, Don Juan Perez de Guzman, was strictly fired), Don Antonio Fernández de Córdoba, He made the official Transition 21 th of January, 1673, culminating two years of hard labor for relief and transfer of the city; although the construction of the walls and buildings took many years, the city was relocated to the site known today as the Historical Monumental Complex of Old Town of the city of Panama.

Panama, 1521

Figure 1. Approximate boundaries of the city of Panama as royal decree of 6 th of September, 1521.

Centuries later, Panama City Council, by Municipal Agreement No.59 of 13 of May 1953, officially declared 15 August as the date of the founding of the city of Panama and considered the 21 January as the date of transfer and removal.

Friends, Panama City is one, Founded in 1519 and in the year 2019 shall comply 500 years old. It is the oldest city in the Pacific coast in the Americas. It departed expeditions Francisco Pizarro and Gil Gonzalez and Child, and crossed the 60% of American wealth in transit to Europe. She is the center of the universe in the ideology of Bolivar. No doubt there is a single city; the only one in Latin America with this experience Shuttle after the invasion of 1671. Celebrate with pride for its strength and permanence, the anniversary of his extraordinary Transition 21 th of January, 1673.

 

Regards,

 

Katti Osorio Ugarte, Ph.D.

A single property: Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama (790bis) (Panamá)

Figure 2. A single property: Archaeological site of Panama Viejo (Monumental historic set of Panama Viejo) and Historic District of Panama (within a Monumental Historic Old Town Panama City) (790bis) (Panamá)

the - the - the - the
Errata:

Thanks to timely commentary Carlos May, could adjust the final paragraph, happened to read ” It departed expeditions Francisco Pizarro and Gil Gonzalez and Child…”, of ” It departed expeditions Francisco Pizarro and Cortes…”

References:

Araúz, Celestino and Patricia Pizzurno. 1997. The Panama Hispano (1501 – 1821). Panama City: Diario La Prensa.

Castillero Calvo, Alfred. 2006. Society, Economy and Material Culture: Urban History of Panama la Vieja. Panama City: Patronato Panama Viejo.

García de Paredes, Luis E. 1954. Move, Transfer and Reconstruction in Panama City 1673. Lecture at the University of Panama 13 of August, 1954. Panama City Council. Panamá, Panama City.

Related Posts:

341st anniversary of the relocation of Panama City (January 2013)

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 2015!

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Thank you all for the interest we share in the cultural and historical heritage of Panama and Humanity. Have a very Merry Christmas, and that next year 2015 be for you a wealth of healthy joys, success and satisfaction. Let this coming year be happy for the Protection of Heritage All.

 

Regards,

 

Katti Osorio Ugarte, Ph.D.

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 2015!

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 2015!

TVN Research Report: Lost Memory

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Almost at the close of the Month of the country in Panama, I bring this story of TVN Channel 2 “TVN Investiga: Lost Memory” on several historical sites of the city of Panama. All is not lost; say rather, there is much to do.

I hope you enjoy:

video platformvideo managementvideo solutionsvideo player

Regards,

 

Katti Osorio Ugarte.

Conference: Panama City to their 500 years old: Heritage

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

 

Thursday 20 of November, 2014, Deputy National Historical Heritage of the National Institute of Culture (INAC), I gave a lecture entitled, “Panama City to their 500 years old: Heritage”, under the First Academic Day History, Anthropology and Tourism which was held at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Panama 19 until 21 this month.

For the link to the Call of the First Academic Day History, Anthropology and Tourism, click here.

This is the summary of my paper: “The significance of national heritage World Heritage is an honor and a challenge for the country, where they are in the balance perception of historical as well globalized economic asset to the demands of tourism and real estate development, and public perception of historical heritage in its capacity as a witness of the past of the nation and therefore their identities. Circumstances in national and world history caused profound changes in the official perception of what heritage, and spurred the formulation of laws and regulations for protection and management, especially in cases where it is exploitable as an economic good prominently, such as the Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Casco Antiguo Panama City: both components of a world heritage places almost five centuries of existence that projects into a difficult future to predict.”

In my lecture, attended by distinguished anthropologists, Archaeologists, Panamanian historians and cultural managers, I detailed the current situation of the Old Town of Panama to UNESCO, as reflected in the various articles of this blog.

First Academic Day History, Anthropology and Tourism which was held at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Panama 19 until 21 of November, 2014.

First Academic Day History, Anthropology and Tourism which was held at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Panama 19 until 21 of November, 2014. Photos are courtesy of Clemente fine Marin, Coordinator of Archaeology of the Board of Panama Viejo.

 

Regards,

 

Katti Osorio Ugarte, Ph.D.

Anniversary No. 495 Panama City and Panama Canal Centennial

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Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption of Panama, 2014. Photo: K. Osorio.

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption of Panama, 2014. Photo: K. Osorio.

Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Today Friday 15 of August, 2014, No.495 celebrate the anniversary of the founding of Our Lady of the Assumption of Panama, our beloved city. Panama has survived pirate attacks and a devastating fire (1671), a complete transfer of its administrative structures and population (1673), scourges of tropical diseases of all kinds, to earthquakes and as the one who tore down the church Cruces, severely affected the Cathedral of Panama and knocked on the front of the Cabildo 1882, among other damage. It was bombed in Invasion 1989. Its two roots, Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama (Casco Antiguo) were declared World Heritage at UNESCO 2003 and 1997, respectively. Previously, sets had been declared by the Historical Monuments Act 91 of 1976. Present day, danger that honor the grace of a road: the infamous Coastal Belt 3.

Although all, Panama City is a thriving metropolis and somewhat disturbed; and Metro la atraviesa, but on the surface, an everlasting dam entangles its inhabitants and steals daily hours of life. In it there is art and expressions of many ethnicities; expressions of hope for Panama where there is justice and equity not the exception, but as a rule.

Congratulations, Panamá! In five years you will come to the five centuries. Today we also commemorate the centenary of the Panama Canal; an excellent time to observe and reflect on what we have actually achieved the goals we set for decades, and if we have honored the pledge made at the tombs of the Martyrs 9 January, o no. Conducts Panama Canal. Exceeds what is needed and what?

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte.

From perogrullería and coastal belts

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Let me share with you a few words of Miguel de Unamuno who liked me and with which I agree, also. Miguel, in time, is dedicated to the philosophy and thinking disturbing questions.

Without discussing - idle-whether or not the discussion I was twenty years ago, It is indisputable, I think, the fact that I am today comes, by continuous series of states of consciousness, of my body that was twenty years ago. Memory is the basis of individual personality, as well as tradition is the collective personality of a people. It lives in the memory and the memory, and our spiritual life is not, at bottom, but the effort of our memory to persevere, hope to be done, the efforts of our past to seize the future.

This is a shrill perogrullería, this I know; but it is to, rolling on the world, one that seems men feel themselves is. One of my best friends, with whom I have walked every day for many years integers, every time I spoke to him this feeling of personality, told me: "Well I do not feel myself; I do not know what that is ".

On one occasion, this friend that I allude me dijo: "I would be Guy" (here a name), and told: that's what I never quite understand, you want to be any other. Will be another, is a desire to stop being one which is. I mean I want you to have what someone else has, their wealth or knowledge; but be another, is the thing I did not explain. (De Unamuno 1912: 12, 13)

There are several things that caught my attention in these reflections written by Miguel little over a hundred years ago, but in a different context that is as universal human. That is why I said that Michael wrote “in time”, for though it is true that is deceased, the expression of his written word has aspects of immortality. He implicitly says that there is continuing, and therefore the memory is the basis of individual personality. It is a very good idea, similarly the more because the traditions are the basis of the collective personality of a people. Twenty ago, Forty-six, hundred, hundred eleven or four hundred ninety-five years, if you, We were one or many different peoples under the name Panama. What is being Panamanian, after all? All aspects of our history belong to us; make us what we are today with all the strengths and weaknesses of our relations in society. Although fragment us want those ethnic and sociocultural aspects of our preference (because we are so mixed up that we like to choose us, relegating other aspects of our composition to the background in a paradox), legally we are still all, Panamanians. All aspects of our history belong to us. We were masters, subordinates, invaders, Defenders, slaves, kidnapped, immigrants, displaced, exiles, sovereign. Where is “our spiritual life”, “the effort of our memory to persevere, hope to be done, the efforts of our past to seize the future”? Since my particular optical, the effort of our memory for persevering could not be anything other than the transmission of our history and our heritage extension, to future generations.

If we find Panamanians “not feel themselves” It is our own collective guilt; not enhance our history as something alive and real consequences in this; for not protecting our material witnesses, which are the vestiges, landmarks. I emphasize that they do not relate only to those declared by law… but even these have been able to protect the. What was the historical testimony of the Old Town of Panama before the construction of the marine viaduct Cinta Costera Phase 3? His close relationship with its marine environment was essential to understand that it was a port city, logistics node first Spanish empire and after versions continued until they Panama Canal Zone, created in 1904, absorbed the port, replacing the port of Balboa. The city, which was destroyed in 1671 and whose importance was rebuilt in 1673, remained, persisted and grew up on the same premise: be a logistical node communications and inter-oceanic and intercontinental. The barrier between the old city and the sea that gave birth asphyxia and suppresses the universal meaning, reached in time to be the province of all mankind.

Some argue that the new viaduct is cute, because they do not understand themselves as Panamanians, I guess. No "feel" the core meaning of the term. Is almost forced to think that this is a product of the education system, but that would be selfish, because for generations it was excellent and former Panamanian students are those living.

Sometimes, some told me they wanted to be the Dubai of the Americas, and that this was necessary to have as many tapes as possible coastal. Here I identified fully with Miguel, because I did not understand that someone wants to stop "being" (as people) what he is; Do his past aside to "be" another. Not even talked about having things "like Dubai», but "be the Dubai of the Americas». Will not know 'being' Panamanian? This is something that I do not understand, and seems to be the crux of the biggest problem. Obviously, who built the viaduct had personal and economic reasons; but, What Panamanians celebrate?

Perhaps time for some answers to all this perogrullería dear readers, when, Miguel, No longer here.

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte, Ph.D.

Viaduct Marine Coastal Belt 3 and the wall of Panama, March 2014.

Viaduct Marine Coastal Belt 3 and the wall of Panama, March 2014.


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REFERENCES
De Unamuno, Miguel (1912). The Tragic Sense of Life. Renaissance, Madrid, Spain.

Panama and the changing boundaries of the World Heritage property, “Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama”

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Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Continuing the theme of UNESCO and clarify a few points, in the newspapers of the town (also understand that in the Panama America), it has emerged that the National Institute of Culture (INAC) propose alternative sites as heritage (world). INAC is only referred to the Camino de Cruces Park, Camino Real and the Bolivar Hall.

After reviewing the website of the next session 38 the UNESCO World Heritage Committee to be held in Qatar in June 2014, are not scheduled so far (1May ro 2014) new nominations to the World Heritage List of UNESCO properties from Panama (Véase WHC-14/38.COM/8B Nominations to the World Heritage List, in http://whc.unesco.org/document/128811), although it is possible that Panama has not complied with the delivery schedule and therefore are not posted.

I allow for, interpret the statements of INAC that these new sites to be suggested correspond to the option 3 the report of the joint high level mission ICOMOS – World Heritage Centre, whose report has been in the news this week Panamanian.

In the report's recommendations, the No.3 option to change limits of the property “Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama”, he points out (in its short version):

“Submission of a (phased) approach by 1 February 2015 in which an overall new vision is included regarding components of the property as parts of a broader territorial system related to interoceanic and intercontinental commerce over five centuries. This option would imply a re-nomination of the property.” (http://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/128501, page 14)

In Spanish,

“Delivery of an approach (in-phase) until 1 February 2015 in which a new global vision to be included as components of the property as part of a larger territorial system related to oceanic and intercontinental trade in the course of five centuries. This option would involve a re-nomination of the property”.

Will have to wait to receive UNESCO Build Panamanian documents to see how exactly this is being proposed renomination, and the role it has in it the Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo, Old Town and what parts of them would be included. Al renominar, everything included in the nomination must prove that expresses exceptional universal value.

Certainly, on the “wider territorial system related to oceanic and intercontinental trade” would refer to the Strategic Triangle, whose three vertices have been: The Castle of San Lorenzo El Real de Chagre, the fortified port of Portobelo, and Panama City, where two of its “sides” They were Camino de Cruces, and Camino Real. Over the centuries, City of Columbus replace Portobelo (which in turn replaced the Name of God) as terminal port city of oceanic trade route.

Remember, the three options recommended by the report of the JAM high ICOMOS Reactive Monitoring – World Heritage Centre, are as follows:

OPTION 1

“Submission of a significant boundary change to focus the site only on Panama Viejo based on the original extension dossier of 2002, to also include the new buffer zone by law 91/2007 and review the statement of Outstanding Universal Value.”

In Spanish,

“Delivering a major change to the site boundaries to focus only on Panama Viejo based on the original file extension 2002, to include the new buffer zone declared by Act 91 of 2007 and review the Statement of Outstanding Universal Value.”

OPTION 2

“Submission of option I with an addition of a reduced area in the Historic District where some of the main attributes that convey the contribution of this component to the outstanding universal value of the serial property are present.”

In Spanish,

“Delivery Option 1 with the addition of a small area in the Historic District (Casco Antiguo) where some of the main attributes that express the contribution of this component to the outstanding universal value are present.”

OPTION 3 (cited above)

“Submission of a (phased) approach by 1 February 2015 in which an overall new vision is included regarding components of the property as parts of a broader territorial system related to interoceanic and intercontinental commerce over five centuries. This option would imply a re-nomination of the property.”

In Spanish,

“Delivery of an approach (in-phase) until 1 February 2015 in which a new global vision to be included as components of the property as part of a larger territorial system related to oceanic and intercontinental trade in the course of five centuries. This option would involve a re-nomination of the property”.

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte

http://www.prensa.com/impreso/panorama/inac-sugerira-unesco-nuevos-sitios-como-patrimonio/317538

A single property: Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama (790bis) (Panamá)

A single property: Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo and Historic District of Panama (790bis) (Panamá)

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SUGGESTED READING ON STRATEGIC desaturated
Shoemaker, Juan Manuel 1980. History of the Castle of San Lorenzo El Real Chagre. Military Service History, Commission for Historic Studies of Public Works and Urbanism (CEHOPU), Spain.

Journalist article: Casco historic site would.

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Diario La Prensa, 28 th of April, 2014

Diario La Prensa, 28 th of April, 2014

Dear Friends of Patrimonio Panamá:

Today Monday 28 April I bring this story from La Prensa of Panama, entitled, “Casco historic site would”.

By way of introduction and as many of you know, according to Decision 37 COM 7B.100 of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO in Cambodia given in 2013, Cinta Costera 3 irreversibly affected the relationship between the historical center and the most environment; namely, the sea and the port that gave reason exisitir and influenced the evolution of military architecture, domestic and religious as a port exposed to the current worldwide through trade, the expansion of Spanish culture into new territories, routes of slavery, and other connections. This prevents you from expressing its outstanding universal value, prerequisite to be on the World Heritage List; and therefore also, Old Town could no longer go to the List of World Heritage in Danger.

I except that Panama Viejo is in better position and expresses itself outstanding universal value, so the report of the Reactive Monitoring Mission, Joint High Level and ICOMOS and the World Heritage Centre, Panama Viejo is recommended that remains on the list.

I posted in PatrimonioPanama.com and their facebook information made public by UNESCO about, own writings as well as some, Ph.D. specialist in the subject. Some are in print since last year, product of lectures on the subject by me. The information available on this site is available under the category, “Patrimonio Mundial / World Heritage“.

The report is in English, http://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/128501, public information and is thanks to the transparency policies of UNESCO. This report is not a hint of UNESCO, but of its advisory body ICOMOS and the World Heritage Centre, Secretariat of the World Heritage Committee, which it will host in the next session in Qatar this year.

Without further ado, I leave for reading the news.

http://www.prensa.com/impreso/panorama/casco-saldria-sitio-historico/316323

Short news on the front page of the newspaper La Prensa, the aforementioned introductory news: http://www.prensa.com/impreso/panorama/unesco-sugiere-excluir-al-casco/316302

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte

Anniversary No. 158 of the Slice of Watermelon Incident

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Friends of Patrimonio Panama:

Today we observe the anniversary No. 158 of the Slice of Watermelon Incident, which took place back when we still were Colombians, on the 15 th of April, 1856.

With the advent of the first trans-isthmus railroad (which was also the first railway that connected the Atlantic coast of America to the Pacific Ocean), under the influence of the California Gold Rush, the terminal cities of the route (Panamá and Aspinwall, now known as Colón City), were flooded with travelers crossing the Isthmus, most of them going to California. The railroad affected the income of former bongueros (that had been transporting travelers down the path of Cruces, across land and river), as well as the importing of products affected local artisans. Many of them had to diversify their work, such as did José Manuel Luna, first silversmith and then fruit seller (McGuinness 2004: 150).

Panama City, still intact and with its walled pit, as you can see on the map in Figure No.2, was full of themselves (with major social divisions between light and dark complexions) and foreign.

McGuinness tells us,

“When the railway was opened in 1855, he had largely destroyed the old system of transport through Panama by boat, mule and Chargers. By reducing the time travelers remained in Panama from days to hours, Railroad dealt a serious blow to other sectors of the Panamanian economy that provided service for passengers. This was also the result of coordinating the arrival and departure of steamers from both sides of the Isthmus, which further reduced travel delays in Panama. By mid-decade 1850, Atlantic village of Chagres was largely replaced as a port of call for ocean liners for the new port of Colón, Known in America as Aspinwall. Columbus Aspinwall built by fue, and largely owned by, the Panama Railroad Company and its partners in the shipping industry. However, on the Pacific side of the Isthmus, one steamer called Taboga competed fiercely with the few remaining rowers in the Bay of Panama. In Panama City, the negative effects of this revolution in transport economics Panama felt more severely in El Arrabal. Panamanians and travelers alike to El Arrabal identified as an urban area dominated by blacks and people of color. In addition to the carriers and vogues, the population of El Arrabal also included an artisan elite, albañiles y plateros, inter alia, well as laundresses, owners of stores selling liquor and other refreshments and common workers or laborers who had done the hard work of railway construction” (McGuinness 2003: 71- 74).

Also, the Federal State of Panama, Justo Arosemena's work, was in full effect from 1855. In Arrabal, with the acquired right to vote, mestizos were gaining importance in the political arena, under the Liberal banner. The intramural elite identified with the Conservative Party (McGuinness 2003: 76). Slavery was abolished in New Granada (today, Colombia) in 1852 (McGuinness 2004: 144).

But, What what happened? José Manuel Luna I mentioned a moment ago. The 15 th of April, 1856, Parita this native man and silversmith by profession, was selling fruit in the resort of La Cienega; economic situation as we have seen, It was hard. An American traveler identified as Jack Oliver took a slice of watermelon cushy positions of pariteño, the bit and threw down, refusing to pagarla (clear whether anyone was bad). Moon confronted, insults crossed; Moon pulled a knife and Oliver pulled his gun. A Peruvian who was passing in a fit of America allied solidarity with the Panamanian, and the brawl escalated the style of the newspaper El Siglo into a public brawl: namely, robin. People came running from Arrabal Santa Ana Flight of church bells, and… Good. There were no injuries, some dead, and losses in property vandalized and fires. The three authors consulted for this entry PatrimonioPanamá.com agree that Brawl, beyond being motivated by the abuse of the U.S. and that it was the real slice of watermelon, served as a catalyst for an explosion of resentment of an economic, political and social.

I've left reading material in References below, so they can read more. The consequences of the incident reached international proportions. Following Incident, first U.S. troops landed on the Isthmus of Panama in September of that year (Araúz 1999: 321). New Granada (because we were Colombians) ended up paying a hefty idemnización the U.S.. A la tajadita, not paid anyone.

Where did this happen? Believe it or not, went up to the Seafood Market, in Panama City. I learned Incident Site by further research on other issues. Since apparently, specialists only know the environment, I brought them two maps so they know where the Incident occurred Watermelon chop.

Figure No.1 Panama City, Calidonia. Location shown in Figure No.2

Figure No.1 Panama City, Calidonia. Location shown in Figure No.2

Figure No.1 shows the area covered by the map below in Figure No.2. The A does not mark the site of the incident, but Square 5 May, to locate in the area. Figure No.1 is the year 2004 and is an image from Google Earth. Figure No.2 corresponds to a map of the area indicated by the red box… but 1857.

Figure No.2 in Panama City 1857, e hitos urbanos.

Figure No.2 in Panama City 1857, e hitos urbanos.

The plane I show in Figure No.2 corresponds to Panama City, drawn by Thomas Harrison 1857; rests in its original Library of the Panama Canal Authority “Roberto F. Chiari” (de facto, is framed in a corridor). There may consult, if desired.

The Incident occurred Watermelon chop in the area marked with yellow, where the arrow points “Railway Station”. The coast has changed over the fillings Javillo The early twentieth century, with the construction of the Avenida Balboa, and coastal successive tapes. I marked in red the most popular sites; namely, recognizable by the Panamanian today. Note that the actual building of the Old Train Station (Formerly the Anthropological Museum Reina Torres de Arauz) in the Plaza 5 May not existed. That building was built between 1912 and 1913. Thus, was in the La Cienega station in the area marked yellow, where he began public brawl. I hope you enjoy the map of Panama 1857, locating landmarks and how was the area in the nineteenth century. The original map is not scratched at all, through the Panama Canal Authority (ACP).

Regards,

Katti Osorio Ugarte

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REFERENCES

Araúz, Celestino and Patricia Pizzurno Gelós 1999. Relations between Panama and the United States (History Channel Interoceánico from the sixteenth century to 1903) Flight. 1, Nationality Library Collection, Panama Canal Authority, 315 – 329 pp. Internet. Available in, http://bdigital.binal.ac.pa/bdp/descarga.php?f=tomos/XXXII/Tomo_XXXII.pdf, accessed 15 th of April, 2014. National Library of Panama Ernesto J. Castillero.

McGuinness, Aims 2003. Defending the Isthmus – struggles against the filibusters in Panama City in 1856. In, Mesoamerica Vol.24 No.45. Internet. Available in, http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2403176, accessed 15 th of April, 2014. 66 – 84 pp.

McGuinness, Aims 2004. Those days of California, The Panama Railroad and the transformation of the transit area during the Gold Rush. In, General History of Panama Vol.2, The Nineteenth Century, Cap. VIII. Edited by Alfredo Castillero Calvo, National Centennial Committee, Panamá. 141 – 159 pp.